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Research conducted by Edelman Intelligence and commissioned by Upwork, a freelancing website, and Freelancers Union, a labor organization for independent workers, estimated that 36 percent of the U.S. But, unlike the BLS report, this included people who worked freelance and contract jobs in addition to their primary jobs. 'Other economists have found much higher rates of informal work-estimating that a third of adults are engaged in some form of nonstandard work-when they focus on both primary and secondary employment,' he said.ĭue to the BLS benchmarking of primary jobs, many people typically counted as gig workers were excluded from this data, including people who work gig jobs in addition to a primary job or people who work a variety of nonstandard jobs and may not consider any of them primary jobs.Įconomists Lawrence Katz of Harvard University and Alan Krueger of Princeton University estimated in 2016 that alternative workers had jumped to 15.8 percent of all workers, accounting for almost all of U.S.

It may be that the BLS focus on workers' primary employment is obscuring a broader increase in nonstandard employment, noted Jay Shambaugh, a senior fellow in economic studies at the Brookings Institution. 'Looking at 2017 compared with 2005, it is impossible to figure out whether there are underlying structural changes in the economy or whether cyclical issues are playing a role, driving home the importance of providing annual data on this type of information.' 'But it is very hard to draw any firm conclusions from this report, except that many of us expecting to see a large increase in contingent work were wrong,' she continued. 'I would have expected there to be more workers in alternative work arrangements,' she said, echoing most labor market projections on the issue. 'I was surprised,' said Martha Gimbel, research director for the Hiring Lab at global job search engine Indeed. 2.3 million temporary and contract workers (1.5 percent of total employment) employed through staffing or other contracting firms.2.6 million on-call workers (1.7 percent of total employment), defined as those called in to work only when needed.The study also identified that there are: The decline mainly comes from a drop in the share of people identifying as independent contractors, which fell to 6.9 percent from 7.4 percent in 2005.

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The survey results seem to support that traditional employment remains the principal driver of job growth in the U.S., as the share of workers in alternative employment arrangements as their primary job fell to 10.1 percent of the labor force in 2017, from 10.7 percent in 2005. The survey also identified workers in various alternative work arrangements, which were measured separately from contingent workers, even though some workers can be counted in both categories. The information was obtained from the BLS survey of about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and unemployment in the U.S., used in the agency's monthly jobs reports. BLS defined contingent workers as people who do not have a contract for ongoing employment or who are in jobs structured as temporary. In February 2005, the last time the survey was conducted, 4.1 percent of workers were considered contingent.

In May 2017, 3.8 percent of workers-5.9 million people-held contingent jobs, BLS reported. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), surprising labor market observers and leading to questions about the study's methodology. has declined over the past 13 years, according to a new report by the U.S.

Ufocus guidance for the puzzled download